Hydraulic brake



Ju}y 25,' 1939.

M. L. MASTELLER 2,166,962

HYDRAULIC BRAKE Filed Nov. '7, 1956 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 .n sa 5l a7 yas 52 51 28 37 .50 4s .-58% 36 a@ le, 20 a4 /55 a .5W-3f fifi/! 4; as' l ,ro t 4g 4r -55 55 7 9 6 'a' wel 2a a5 Fr; .2. 55 54 o 9 4+ umass? @Igg IN1/EN 0R ATTORNEYS.

July 25, 1939- AM. l.. MASTELLER Y 6 2,166,962 l,

HYDRAULIC BRAKE 'n Filed Nov. 7, 193e s sheets-s119952 A TTORNEYS.

July 25, 1939. M. L. MASTELLER HYDRAULI C BRAKE Filed Nov. 7, 1956 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 I2 ny. 4.

ATTORNEYS.

Patented July 25, 1939 UNITED STATES 4PATENT oFFicE This invention relates to improvements in hydraulic brake apparatus and more particularly to compensating means for regulating pressures therein. y

Therange of the brake pedal ol a vehicle is limited to the convenient movement of the operators foot, and, with the leverage ratio desired, gives a limited maximum compressor `piston thrusta part oi which must be reserve to provide for the additional displacement required incident to the progressive Wear of the brake shoe facings. To preserve with plural hydraulic systems a braking ratio proportioned to a single compressor piston of a given facial area we must, in substituting for instance dual compressors, supply two pistons of one half of the said facial area'. Consequently there is available but a small surplus of displaced liquid for operating the equalizing means and the required precision is not obtained by the usual compensating devices comprising a reciprocating member balanced in the supposed center of its relatively short range, as limited by engageable means, because diierentials of pressure and friction result in it being normally off center in varying degrees, resulting in deficient equalization.

Another difculty common to brakes having dual hydraulic systems with separate compressor cylinders and dual compressor pistons operable in unison, together with compensating means for equalizing theV pressures built up in said dual hydraulic systems, is Athat when the equalizi'ng compensator runs to one end of its range due to failure of one of said hydraulic systems during a braking operation, a depression is caused in the remaining hydraulic system detrimental to the proper functioning thereof. Such systems are operated in conjunction with reservoir means adapted to maintain an `equalized normal oi! brakes pressure therein', and valve means for closing off said reservoir means during each braking operation.. In plural systems it is essential that said valve Ameans become operative simultaneously, otherwise a quickly repeated braking operation mght iind them unequally supplied, with such a disparity of liquid in the compressors and wheel lines that an equalizer means of maximum allowable displacement could not take care of it at all, resulting in afaulty application, The most suitable point of operation of said valve means is immediately adjacent to the compressor pistons in their off brakes position, and a depression in the system, brought on during a braking operation would act to prevent proper reseating of said compressor pistons which is essential to the reestab- (ci. eci-545i lishment of communication between the compressor means and the reservoir means.

The objects therefore of my improvement are, first, to provide means for equalizing the pressures built up in a pluralityof hydraulic systems, in- 5 ciuding reciprocating members with deiinitely fixed ranges corresponding respectively to each compensating movement; second, to provide means for immediate compensation from the atmosphere for preventing undue depressions in l0 hydraulic systems having a normal oi brakes pressure therein.

I attain these objects by mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a diagrammatic plan view, partly in 15 section, showing the invention as applied to the separate braking of liront and rear wheels respectively of a vehicle. y

Figure 2 is an enlarged plan view, partly in section, illustrating in detail the dual master cylinders as shown in-Figure 1.

Figure 3 is av diagrammatic plan view, partly in section,.showing the invention as applied to the separate braking of three pairs of wheels respectively of a three axled vehicle.

Figure 4 is an enlarged vertical section showing ythe detail of one of the partition members, and

allied parts, of Figures 1` and 2.

Figure 5 is a vertical section of brake drum, a0 showing brake shoes and allied parts.

Figure 6 is a horizontal section of brake drum showing brake shoes and allied parts.

Similar\ numerals refer to similar parts throughout the several views. 35

I will rst describe nur preferred form of the device as applicable to dual hydraulic systems, each having its own compressor means, as for the separate operation of the brakes of front and rear wheels respectively of a vehicle, both of o said compressors, however, having a common actuator means. See Figures 1 and 2. Casings I `house the compressor cylinders 2 and also the compensating means. Together with partitions 3 and' l they form equalization chambers, each 5 of which is divided into two compartments 5 8 Aby a uid tight piston 1 with its packing' cups 8-9. Said partition members with their lugs constitute piston stops and spring seats but permit the free intercompartmental passage ofthe 50 operating liquid. They are substantially alike and one of them is shown in detail in Figure'i to which reference is "also made. Members 4 and l are fastened together by means of screw bolt l0 with its lock washer I|,.over retaining spring I2 55 bers 4-4' in flxedrelationship to each other.

However, in the present form, ample intercompartmental passage for the liquid is provided above said partitions by the arran-gement vof ports I5 with their plugs I6, primarily constituting bleeder vents, each serving two compartments, and positioned to facilitate the insertion and removal of said partitions and their said retaining springs.l

compartments 6 are each provided with a compression spring I1 urging the respective piston 1 toward partition 3 so that, with an equality of fluid pressure acting upon both sides of it, said piston is normally and yieldingly held seatedon said partition 3. Said partitions 3 and 4 together with spacing cone I3, which is formed to serve as a seat for spring I1, constitute engageable means limiting the ranges of said pistons to a suitable conservation ofthe operating liquid in the remaining hydraulic system in the event of failure of one of them, yet enabling a. sumcient movement for adequate equalization: Said spacing cones I8 may be of different lengths for the ready adaptation of the device to the hydraulic systems to which it is to be applied, according to the displacement requirements thereof.

When front and rear wheels respectively are provided with fluid motors having brake actuating -pistons of different facial area for imparting a' greater or lesser force to the applications of the respective brake shoes, the ranges of equalizing pistons 1 may advantageously be of differentv lengths, as in this case, with an equality of brake shoeV adjustment, there is a diiTerential of required displacement which increases with the progressive wear of the brake shoe facings. The

assisting 'hydraulic system vshould fail,y the remaining one not be called upon forl a greater resulting compensation than is necessary toa proper normal working of-.the system. 'This feature is illustrated in Figure 2, in which the left hand cylinder contains the longer spacing cone I8, resulting in a shorter range for the respective piston 1. l

Beyond partitions 4 is another liquid containing compartment I9, then piston which with its packing cup 2| 'forms a fiuid tight end for the corresponding Vcompartment I9. Each of pistons 20 is provided with a chambered recess for the accommodation of compression spring 22 which seats against said piston andin an annular recess in washer 23 which supports it in a central positiomsaid washer beingrheld against an annular shoulder in casing I by retaining spring 24 which in turn is held in an annular recess in casing I by its own resilience. 'Compression springs 22 are proportioned in 'relation to the facial areaof pistons 20 so thatthe normal off brakes hydraulic pressure acting upon said pistons holds them seated outwardly, against washers 23,r said compression springs 22 becoming active only in the event of Aa. depression in the hydraulic systems, as hereinafter explained.

Each of compartments 6 is provided with fitting 25, adapted for connecting conduit 26 which is also connected, by means of fitting 21, to the other compressor cylinder 2; all in such manner that each hydraulic system is associated with and its liquid acting upon one face of one piston 1 and the opposite face of the other piston 'of said pistons; ports 32 with screw plugs 33 and lock washers 34 for lubricating pistons 20 with the operating liquid, or otherv suitable lubricant such as a component thereof; compressor pistons 35 with their primary packing cups 36, annular recesses 31, and secondary packing cups 33; compression springs 39 with4 their seating members 40, normally holding said compressor pistons seated against washers 4I which areheld against annular shoulders `ln casings I vby retaining springs 42 whichv in turn are held in annular recesses in caslngs I by their own resilience; plungers 43 for advancing said compressor pistons, said plungers vbeing attached by screw bolts 44 to cross head 45 whichhas adjustable threaded engagement, secured by lock nuts 46. with rod 41 which is conveniently attached to manual actuating means 48; boots -49 having breather ports 50; spacingv members 5I, which may be upbuilt portions of the mounting bracket; U bolts 52'with clamps 53 and nuts 54, which bind said casings and associated parts into a single unit; pressure reservoir 55 adapted to contain the liquidk supply pertaining to the severalhydraulic systems in independent compartments, compensate for variations inl its volume due to changes in temperature, and maintain a normal pressure throughout Ythe hydraulic systems, (such a reserv voir means is vfully described in my co-pending y application, Serial Number 104,851, series of I .1935); conduits -56 leading fromV said reservoir means to said compressor means, with fittings 51 for attaching them thereto; intake ports 58 admitting the liquid into compressor cylinders .2, and ports 59 associating said reservoir Vmeans y with said annular chambers formed between said compressor pistons and the Walls of casings I,

said ports 59 serving to fill said chambers with` f the operating liquid, the purpose of said chambers and said secondary packing cups being' to prevent the loss of liquid around Vsaid compressor pistons after the lips of their primary packing cups 36 have passed intake ports 66 (no ble'eder means is shown for expelling air from annular chambers 31, for the reason that fittings 51`and ports '58 and 59 may in practice be positioned at the topmost part of( casings I); ttings 30 and conduits 6I leading to'fluid motors 62 (see also Figs. 5 and 6.) which actuate brake shoes 63 into In the voperation of the brakes, compressor pistons 35 are advanced in unison, displacing an equal tamount of liquid from the respective compressor cylinders 2, any inequalitiesof displaced yliquid required to operate the brake actuating motors of front and rear wheels respectively being'compen'sated by'ja movement o! the corresponding piston'i toward any'depression in either o! said dual hydraulic systemsuntil an equilibrium is established between them, thereby bringing all shoes into lproper braking engagement.l Upon release of the braking pressures," said piston 1 returnsto its normal off brakes position, actuated by a corresponding'movement of the operating liquid which'is `set in motion by the retractile force of extension springs 65.

Pistons 1 and compression springs I1 are proportioned in'relation vto each other so that with an equality of fluid pressureacting upon both faces of one of said pistons 1, theresilience `of the corresponding compression spring I 1 vis but slightly more-than ,suillc'ie'nt tonormally sustain 'said pistonseated upon its stop 3.r Consequently in the event oifailure of one ofisaid dual hydraulic systems, under the oft brakesl condition, the nor-` mal ofi ybrakes pressure iny the remaining hydraulic system, acting upon the corresponding piston 1 will over-.come the resistance of com pression spring i1, move said piston 1 to its seat 4 at the outer end of its range andsustain it there, this movement beingv compensatedby an inow of liquid from pressure reservoir 55. I'f said failure,` however,4 Vshould .occur during af braking operation, when said pressure reservoir means is closed off bythe valve constituted by 'compressor piston 35 and intake port 58there would be a consequent lslight depression, upon release of the brakes, in the remaining hydraulic` system, andvunless said failure bel due toa major rupture which would permit a free infiowof air',

from the atmosphere, saidequalizing piston 1 would be restrained by a vacuum from relieving said slight depression in said remaining hy-l draulic system, preventing the proper reseating of. compressor piston 35 and the opening` of said valve means for reestablishment of communication between the compressor means and reservoir means foi said remaining hydraulic system.

Since all failures are not due tofmajor ruptures but.l can be occasioned byleakagesunder the braking pressures whichare imperceptible when said braking pressures are released, it is evidentv that said hydraulic system which has failed mayl` remain inadequately associated with the atmosphere to enable said compensation Yto readily take sure reservoir means but if it should occur when said reservoir means is closed oil, as duringl abraking operation, compression springs 22 will` movepistors 20 inwardly against the ,resistance ofrjthe diinnishing hydraulic pressure, relieving said depression and enabling a restorationy of communication between said compressor means.

and said reservoir means, u'pon the reestablishment of which, the normal` of! brakes lpressure will restore said pistons 20 to th outer ends of their respective ranges, as also the corresponding piston-1 if one of said dual lhydraulic systems be out of commission, and` sustain -them there.

The boreof the equalizing chamber is here illustrated with a greater diameter than the compressor cylinder. This is not essential but is in- -tended to illustrate 'the proportioning of the pistn races to the fore described. I willV now describev lthe as hereinbe-ffl modifications reduired for adaptation' of the' device-t0 three hxirdraulic` systems, each 'having itsjown compressorV means, as for the separate operationot the brakes correspondingrespectively to three braking axles, as

of.,a three axled vehicle. Fig. '3L To coordiante the additional hydraulic system there' ris added'a third similar pressure regulating unit as hereinbeforedescribed and the hook-up is as follows: Each of compartments S is directly associated'with the corresponding compressor cylin` der 2 by means 'of passage Il Vin partition), and each of compartments l isconnected by means of its conduit and nttings v25-21 to thejnext e adjoining compressor cylinder 2, all in ser ie s'`th'e ias-t being so connected to the iii-st; fau-in such manner that each hydraulic system i's"associ atedfff withand its liquid acting upon one endot one of pistons 1 and the opposite end of'another of pistons 1, said pistons 1 being yieldingly held at one end oi their respectivel ranges and all having primary compensating movementl in a common direction in relation to the `liquid contained in said hydraulic systems. f'

What Iclaim is:

l; In abrakehaving dual hydraulicsystemsf means fox-'equalizing the pressures built up therein, comprising two reciprocating members,v e ch disposed between two liquid containing compartments; means for associating one of said compartments pertaining to each ofsaid reciprocating members with one ofl said dualhydraulic systems in such manner that they i'orm apart of it means ior associating the other of fsaid compartments pertaining tceach oi' said reciprocating members with the other of said dual hydraulic systems m. such manner .that they turni a part of it; en-

gageable means .limiting theranges of said recip-` rocating members; and resilient means urging said 1 'reciprocating members to one end ot 'their respective ranges and yieldingly sustaining them there, allin such manner that each of said reciprocating members have primary compensatingmovement toward a different one ofsaid-dual hydraulic systems.

2.1In a brake having a plurality of hydraulic systems; means for equalizing the'pressures built up therein, comprising a plurality 'of reciprocat'- ing members, each disposed between two'liquid containing compartmentsmeans'for associating one of said compartments pertainingto each of said reciprocating members with Vlone oi said plural hydraulic systems in such manner thatit yformv y55L a part thereof; means for associating the othen of said compartments pertaining toeach"offsaid j reciprocating members with another otsaid 'plural hydraulic systems in such 'manner j'that vit` form a part-thereof, allfin series;` engageable means limiting the ranges of saidreciprocating members; and resilient means lurging each ,off

said reciprocating members to one end of its range,

mon direction,in relation tothe operating v liquid vcontained in theseveral hydraulic systems.

3. In al brake having dualhydrauiic systems, an equalizing device in combination therewith land yieldingly sustainingit there; @all in such manner that lall of said reciprocating members have primary compensating movement in a coxncomprising two chambers; a reciprocating member ineach of said chambers dividing it into two compartments; means for associating one of said'` compartments of eachofsaid chambers with one of said hydraulic systemsin such manner that it bers with the other of sais hydraulic' systems in such manner that iticrm a part thereof; engageable means .limitins the .ranges cfg said reclproeating resilient means urgingsaid reciprocatix'igv to normally restupon .saldi engageable means at one end of their lrespective 1 ranges y'all in such'mannerthat each foi s aid reciprocating members hive comvensat.- ingfmovement towardfadiii'erent one of 4saicldual v hydraulic systems, i

v systems, auf-equalizing`-`device -in combination ps tnjsrsjwith; eomprisings` plm-slayer chambers; s

reciprocatingmemberin each iofsaid chambers ,dividing it intmtwo eompsrtmentg means for 'iating-oneofsaid compartmentsfoi each o i Vsaitl chambers with one of said hydrauiicsystenis solA infsuchmahner that it form apart thereof; means Y "for associating the other ofsaid compartments of veach of said. chambers vwithy another of seid hydraulic systems in such manner thatgitiorm a part thereof, all in series; engageable means lliniting the, ranges oi' v'said 1 reciprocating members; resilient means associated with each of said reciprocating members urging vit to'one end of its range, all in Isuch ymanner that all vof said recip- L 'rocating "me'mbersv have primary compensating movement in'a "commondirection in relation to ythe operating liquid inthe'vseveralhydraulic system.

5. m s brskegh'svihg ma systems' and means for maintaining anormal on vbraises pressure therein; `a` compensating device in com-v bination therewith, comprising two chambers; a

reciprocatingmember in each of saidfchafmbers,

hereinafter referred toas reciprocating equalizing members, havingthe eilectof dividing each of said chambers into two compartments; means f'for asof said jcompartments ofeach oiflv said chambers ,with one of said dual hydraulic sociating' one systems "in such manner that they y form a part of it; means forassociating the other- 'compart- .y ment ofg each of said chambers with thefother ofsaid dual hydraulic systems in suchmanner that. theyv yform la part of it; engageable vmeans limiting lthe ranges of `said reciprocating; equalizj ingymembers; fresilient means acting upon one ,end ofone of saidrecip'rocating equalizing members andresiiient means 'aeting upon one end of the. other of said: reciprocating equalizing members, "urging them to restup'on. said .engageable means at yone endofftheir respective rangesv in such manner that eachof said dual reciprocat- ,V ing membershave primary'compensating'movementtowardla .diiierent one of said dual hydraulic:systelris:` and means, operable in the event'rorrallure oto'e orsaid dual rurali-aune sys-j tems, tojrelieve'a consequent.` depression in the remaining hydraulicl system.. incidentto one oi Vsaidreciprocatingfequalizing members having" i moved outwardly from saidemeininghydraulic zsystem and being restrained by. vacuum fromi z readily returningto its" normal position, comprisl ing, in combination with each of said vdual hydraulic systems,`j"a thirdreciprocating member,

y `operating within a chamber'of said hydraulic system, means 'forv associating the. operating liquid with "one, face of 'said' third reciprocatingmem- Vber so 'that it act to urge saidthird 'reciprocating member,y outwardly from 'said hydraulic system, means'for associating the'other iace'of said thirdV reciprocating member with the atmosphere,i engageable means limiting 'the frange of said third reciprocating member, and resilient means act-. Y

ing upon said third "reciprocating member urging facial aspect of said third reciprocating member being proportioned in relation to-fs'aid resilient' m sc that the normal. hydraulic press'uresin; said hydraulic system', VAacting upo'n said third `11; inwardly 'toward said hydraulic" system' the? ji reciprocating member, be sunlcient toovercome' thefreslstance of said resilient means, move said lo` third reciprocating member to the outer limitof its range and Vnormally sustain it there, responminlshing hydraulic pressure.-A

6.` In a brake having a plurality oi' hydraulic sive,in the event of a depression in said hydraulic system, to inward movement, actuated by' said resilient means against the resistance of thedisystems and means for maintaining anormal oi! combination therewithv comprising Va plurality; of chambers; a reciprocating memberin each of said chambers, hereinafter referred toas 'reciprocating equalizing'members, having the effect of dividing l each of said chambers into two compartments; 1

means for associating one of said compartments of eachjoi said v chambers with-one of said hy'- draulicv systems in'sucli manner lthat it'form a brakes pressure therein; a compensating device in y zoe' part thereof; means for'associating the otherV of 'said 'compartments of each 'of "said chambers with another of said'hydraulic systems in such manner that itforma thereof, all-in series; enga'geable `means' limiting the ranges of said`l reciprocating equalizing members; resiilentmea'nsf associated with' each of said 'reciprocating' equalizing members urgingit'tov oneend of its range and yieldingly sustaining it there, all in such'manner that all vof said reciprocating equalizing members have primary compensating movement'in. a 'comj] mon, direction, in relation to the operating liquid contained in the several hydraulic systems; and) means, operable in the event of'failure of'one or more of said hydraulic systems, to relieve any' consequent depression `in' the remainder 'of said hydraulic means, incident to one or more of said reciprocating equalizing members having` moved 9v outwardly fromsald remaininghydraulic means and being restrained by vacuum from readily rel" turningto normal olf brakes position, comprisingfv incomblnation with each of said hydraulic Vsyswithin a chamber ofsaid hydraulic system, means for lassociating the operatingliquid with' one faceV tems',4 a third reciprocating member, operating i oi' said third reciprocatingmember' so that it-act f Q to'urg'e said third reciprocating member outwardly from said hydraulic system, means for'as'- sociating the other face of said third reciprocating member with the atmosphere, engageable means -limiting'the range'of vsaidJthird reciprocating member, and resilient means Vacting upon saidv towardsaid hydraulic system, the facial aspect third reciprocating member urging it inwardly y yof said third reciprocating member being. proportioned in relation' to. said-resilient means so that f the normal hydraulic pressure in said hydraulic system, acting upon said third reciprocating member,'belsuillcient to overcomethe 'resistance ofsaid resilient means, move said third reciprocating member to the outerl limit of vits range and Ynor- 'mally sustain Aitithere, responsive-inthe event Aof a depression in saidV hydraulic system, to inward movement, actuated by said resilient means 7 against the resistance of the diminishing hy-`V draulic pressure.

7. In an hydraulic braking'system having-means for maintaining a normalofl brakes pressure therein; a depression relievingfcompensating"de- 75 vice, comprising a casing `and a chamber therein; a reciprocating memberV in said chamber having the `eii'ect of closing oii a liquid containing compartment, means for associating said compartment with said hydraulicsystem in such manner y the range of said reciprocating member; andiy resilientI means acting upon said reciprocatingy member urging it inwardly toward said hydraulic system; the face of said reciprocating memberr being proportioned in relation to said resilient means so that the normal hydraulic pressure' in said hydraulic system, acting upon said reciprocating member, be suillcient to overcomethe resistance of said resilient means, move said recip-l rocating member. to the outer limit of its range and normally sustain it there,` responsive, inthe event of a depressionin said hydraulic system, to inward movement, Vactuated by said resilient means against the resistance of the diminishing hydraulic pressure.

8. In braking apparatus having Vdual 'hydraulic systems and means for maintaining a normal off brakes pressure therein; a pressurer responsive compensating device, comprising two chambers, a reciprocating member in each of said chambers dividing it into two compartments, means for associating one of said. compartments of each of said chambers with one 'of-said dual hydraulic systems in such manner that they form a part of it, means for associating the other of said compartments of each of said chambers with the other of said dual hydraulic systems in-such manner that they form a part of it, engageable means' limiting the ranges of said reciprocating' members, and resilient means associated` with each of said reciprocating members urging them to rest upon said engageable means at one end of their respective ranges, so that each of said reciprocating members have primary compensating movement toward a different one of saidk dual hydraulic systems.

9. In braking apparatus having dual hydraulic systems and means for maintaining a normal off brakes pressure therein; a pressure responsive compensating device, comprising two chambers, a reciprocating member in each of said chambers dividing it into two compartments, mzans for associating one of said compartments of each of said chambers with a separate one of said dual hy- :iraulic systems in such manner that it form a fart thereof, means for associating the other of aid compartments of each of said chambers with -the other of said dual hydraulic systems in such manner that it form 'a part' thereof, engageable means limiting the ranges of said reciprocating members, resilient means associated with each of said ,reciprocating members urging them to rest uponl said engageable means at one end of their respective ranges, in such manner so that each of said reciprocating members have primary compensating movement toward a different one of said dual hydraulic systems; and means for rendering said reciprocating members inactive upon failure of one of said dual hydraulic systems, said latter means including a proportioning of the facial area of said reciprocating members and the retractlle force of said resilient means, in their relation to each other, so the action of the normal off brakes pressure in the remaining hydraulic in said hydraulic systems.

Vsustain said reciprocating member at system. acting upon said reciprocating member, will overcome said resilient means and sustain said reciprocating member at the outer end of its Y range. f f

10. In braking apparatus having a plurality ci hydraulic systems and means for'maintaining a normal of! brakes pressure therein; a pressure responsive compensating devicecomprising a plurality of chambers, a reciprocating member fin each of said chambers dividing itr into two compartments, means for associating one of said compartments of each of said chambers with a sepaing the ranges of said reciprocating members, resilient means associated with each of said reciproeating members urging Vthem to rest upon said engageable means at one end of their respective ranges so that all of said reciprocating members have primary compensating movement in a common direction in relation to the nquid'contained 1l. In braking lapparatus having a plurality of hydraulicsystems and means for maintaining a i normal on brakes pressure therein; a pressure responsive compensating device comprising aplurality of chambers, a reciprocating member in each of said-chambers dividing it into two compart thereof, all in series, engageable means limit-`- ing the ranges of said reciprocating members, resilient means associated with each? of said j reciprocating members urging them to rest upon said engageable means at one end of Atheir respective ranges so that all of said reciprocating membershave primary compensating movement in a common direction -in relation to the liquid contained in said hydraulic systems, and means operable in the event of failure of any of said plural hydraulic systems, for rendering the corresponding reciprocating member'inactive, said latter meansincluding a proportioning 'of the facial area of said reciprocating members and the retractile force of said resilient means, in

their relation to eachother, so the action of the normal oil brakes pressure in the remaining hydraulic means, acting upon said"- reciprocating member, will overcome said resilient means and the outer end of its range. y

12. In a brake ln which dual hydraulic systems cooperate, a compensating device for equalizing the pressures therein, comprising dual reciprocating members, each loperating between two liquid containing compartments; means for associating one of said liquid' containing comparti ments pertaining to each of said reciprocating members with one of said dual hydraulic systems in such manner that it form a part thereof; means for associating the other of said compartments pertaining to each of said reciprocating members with the other hydraulic system in such manner that it form a part thereof; engageable means limiting the ranges of said reciprocating members; and resilient means associated with 'IISI veaehoisaid reciprocating members urging themV toward the enga'seable means Aat one end oftheir vrespective range 'so that they normally seat thereon; all in such manner that one of said reciprocatingv members be free to' move toward a depresy c sion in'one of said duel hydraulic systems andk other reciprocating member be'free to move "towardfadeprsion in the' other hydraulic 1s. m s brake savings plurality or hydraulic systems, a compensating device for equalizingv the pressures therein, comprising a-plurality of responsive-,reciprocating members, each kils ` meansatoneendjof'its `range so that it noi''V disposed between twofliquid containing compartments;means for 'associating one of` said comf partmentspertaining to each of said reciprocating members with a separate one of said hydraulic systems in such manner that itiorm apart thereoi' and means forV associating the other of said com,lJIJ'tlnents pertaining to each of said remembers with another of manydraulic systems in such manner that itr form a maliy seat thereon: all in such manner thatall tems.

primarycompensating movements be. in a common direction; in e relation kto vsaid hydraulic sys- 14. Inka brake hydraulic means forV its operation. and lmeans ,for lmaintaining a normal f oi! brakes hydraulic pressure therein a device associatedtherewith comprising a.Y chamber, v a reciprocating member in .said chamber, engageable means limiting'thel range .of said reciprocating member, means for. associating onel end of said v chamber with said lhydraulic meansinsuch manthat it form a part thereofand -permit the'y operating liquid of said hydraulic means to act upon one side of said reciprocating. member, breather means the other end:of said chamber-with the atmosphere, resilient meansv said f reciprocatingmember inwardly toward said hydraulic'meansbutbelng Dl'DOr-J: tioned'in relation to they face tof lsaid reciprocatn 1 ing 'member land the khydraulic'pressure l at the outerendof-its range,`responsive toi'n- -ward movement whenever said hydraulic pressure lacting thereon so that said hydraulic, pressure Vbe suiiicient vto overcomesaid resilient' means and keep said reciprocatingmembernormally seated fallbelowa predetermined degree. ,i

l5. Ina brake having hydraulic means forfits operationy andmeans formaintaininga normalv oi! brke.. hydraulicpressure'thereimfin combination, compressormeans for creating the additional pressures. required foroperating` the brakes, including *valve means for closing of! said normal oil!v brakes hydraulic. pressure maintaining means during each braking operation, said valve means .being operable at a predetermined point in relation to the operation .oi said com-1;

i in said compression chamber for building upv pressure therein, resilient means acting upon-said compressor piston urging it toward itsv normal oi! `:brakes position, and means for operatingfsaidl presser means; andcompensating means, oper-v able in the event of a depression in said hydraulic means, to facilitate return movementof said comprsor means tosaidpredetermined point at whichsaidrvalve means becomes operable, said compensating means comprising a casing anda chamber therein; a pressure responsive reciprof eating member in said chamber having the eifect vof closing of! a liquid vcontaining compartment therein; engageable means limiting the range Vof v.said reciprocating member; means for associating f ment in one direction only; Y

means limiting the ranges of said yreciprocating c .members said ranges beinglndependently proportioned to the displacement requirements'` of aieeea said liquid containing compartment with said hydraulic means in such manner that it form a part v thereof, the.operating liquid of said hydraulic meanscontacting one face'of saidre'ciprocating member; meansfor associating the other fa'ce of said reciprocating member with the atmosphere; e l

and resilientmeans urging said reciprocating memberV inwardly toward said hydraulic meansi but being proportioned inrelation tothe face of said lreciprocating member and the normal hydraulicpressureacting thereon so that said normal hydraulic pressure be suiliclent to overcome said resilient means and sustain said reciprocating member normally seated at theouter end of its range.responsive to inwardmovement when-` ever said hydraulic pressurefall belowI a predetermined detree. e

16,'In a brake having' a'uplurality of hydraulic asone for operating the brakes pertaining to each axleof a vehicle, and duid motors y ,e

oi' unequal displacement requirements V.for actuating the braking means pertaining respectively to the several axles, as when 4those corresponding to one of said hydraulic systems have larger cylinder bores and pistons thanithe others with the object of imparting agreater and a'les'serforce toA the respective-braking units; in combination, a compressor cylinder associated with and' form-V ing a part of` each hydraulic system, and a reciprocating membertherein for creating pressure and' displacing liquid therefrom; means for ladvancing said reciprocating members vin unison,

displacing liquid-therefrom in equal quantity;` and means forequalizing Vthe'pressures built up in the severall hydraulic'systems', compensating' for said normal inequality in .displacement Arequirements as well as'. for inequalities due tov uneven wear of the brake shoefacings, including a plurality of reciprocating members, eachdisposed in aechamber of saidlhydraulic means and having the .eifect;` of dividing saidA .chamber linto two compartments; means for associating Aone ofsaid compartmentspertaining toeach of said reciprocatingv members Awith one of said plural hydraulic systems in such rmanner that it form apart thereof; means for associating4v the. other oi said compartments pertaining to each of said reciprocating members with another of said hydraulic systems in such manner vthat it form a f part thereof; lresilient means yieldingiyholding each of said reciprocating members at one end of its range with primarycompensating moveandv ,engageable each of said rhydraulic systems.-

bination, a compressor comprising avcasingf and A a chamber therein (hereinafter called compression chamber), means for associating said comno pression chamber with said hydraulic systemv in*l Vsuch manner that it form a part thereof, a piston (hereinafter called compressor piston) opera-ble compressor piston; 'a pressure reservoir including a casing and a ychamber thereinihereinafter called reservoir chamber) and means for maintaining a normal pressure therein, andzmeans for Vassociating said reservoir chamber with said vhy-l draulic system in suchmanner that lit normally v form a part thereof; means for interrupting 'com- 75 point of each braking operation and in the early,

part thereof; and a depression relieving device,

yincluding a casing and a chamber therein (hereinafter called auxiliary supply chamber), a pressure responsive reciprocating member in said auxiliary supply chamber having the effect of closing off a liquid containing compartment therein (hereinafter called auxiliary supply compartment), engageable means forming a seat for said pressure responsive reciprocating member at the outer end of said auxiliary supply chamber (being the outer end as related to said hydraulic system), means for associating said auxiliary supply compartment with said hydraulic system in' such manner that it form a part thereof and be always associated with said compression chamber, the liquid of said hydraulic system contacting one face of said pressure responsivereciprocating member and normally sustaining it seated outwardly upon said engageable means, and means for associating the other face of said pressure responsive reciprocating member .with the atmosphere; said combination constituting means, operable in the event of a slight leakage from the hydraulic system during a brakingoperation, enablingk the unrestrained return of said compressor piston to said point where communication was interrupted between said compression chamber and said reservoir chamber.

Y18. In an hydraulic braking system, the combination of claim 17, and in addition, resilient means acting rupon said pressure responsive reciprocating member urging it to contract said auxiliary supply compartment, but being inadequate to do so against the normal resistance of the liquid of said hydraulic system acting upon the opposite side of said pressure responsive reciprocating member; constituting means to take up, Iafter release of rthe brakes, any slack in said hydraulic system occasioned by any slight leakage therefrom occurring during a braking operation when said reservoir chamber is cut oi from the balance of said hydraulic system.

MALCOLM L. MASTELLER. 

